Linux Architecture?

[camelCase]

Well, I was given a report to do for school.
It has a ton of questions about the Linux architecture.
The thing is, I was never taught anything about the architecture of any operating systems.
(No, I don't sleep in class)

Regardless, I tried to do my research, however, my lecturer took a look at my notes and deemed it insufficient.
(And rightfully so, I couldn't learn much if anything at all)
I'll have to submit it next week and I'm out of options.

I'll need to know what the main components of the Linux Architecture and what they all do.
I'll paste my little research notes for one part of the report below, could someone point me in the right direction?

What are the main components that make up the Linux OS architecture?
	+ Kernel
	+ System Utilities
	+ System Libraries

What is the Linux Kernel?
	+ It is the core of the Linux OS that manages resources.
		What does it do?
			+ It manages function calls from user applications through the System Call Interface.
			+ It manages the CPU time between active threads of every process by using a scheduling algorithm of O(1) complexity and also provides an API through the SCI to create or stop a process and communicate and synchronize between them.
			+ Can manage available memory and the hardware mechanisms for physical and virtual mappings.
			+ Allows applications to access different file systems without the application having to adapt to the differences.
			+ Handles connection protocols through a network stack.
			+ Makes hardware devices usable through many device drivers.
			+ Caters to different computer architectures with architecture dependent code.

 

[tom_mai78101]

See if you can get this book, for a discount.

 

[tooltiperror]

First learn the basic file system.

Everything starts at /.

After that, just about every system has the same few folders.

/dev for things that developers would need and resources
/lib for libraries and utilities
/bin for binaries (programs)
/lost+found Just your local lost and found bin.
/etc Just other things, such as /etc/motd for your terminal startup message.
/usr sometimes user space is put in here, but it is more for resources. It is a backronym for Unix System Resources.

Also, just a tip, when making an executable:
1 chmod it.

$ sudo chmod 555 executable

2 move it to /usr/local/bin
3 run it as its name

 

[camelCase]

Thanks for the replies, guys.
(I've been REAL busy, nine other assignments =/)
I'm gonna' try and get the book from a library ^^


[EDIT]
I don't get it =/
I'm reading from the link below:
(I think it's an excerpt or something)
http://www.e-reading.org.ua/bookreader.php/142109/Professional_Linux_kernel_architecture.pdf

I apologize if the questions I ask are going to be dumb but..
Kernel = OS?

Also, in my question paper, it asks "What does the Linux Kernel do?"
If I am reading it right, the kernel does... a lot.
From abstracting hardware to managing the tonnes of different system resources.

Right?

 

[x-anubis-x]

Maybe head over to the Ubuntu forums www.ubuntuforums.org and ask over there. They definitely know their Linux Architecture lol.

 

[tooltiperror]

Kernel is the layer beneath the OS, which deals with things on an even lower level than the OS. It's sort of like the system that an OS uses.